Research & Scientific Validation
Backed by Leading Global Research Institutions
Published in Nature Scientific Reports and NIH journals. Proven in Australian conditions with field data from 40+ countries worldwide.
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Published in the world's most respected scientific journals with rigorous peer review
Nature Scientific Reports
Impact Factor: 4.996 (2023)
"Nano-fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture: An Emerging Opportunity" - Nature Sci. Rep. 12, 19237 (2022)
Key Findings:
- •Nano Urea Plus shows 80% nutrient use efficiency vs 30-40% for conventional urea
- •Particle size of 20-50 nanometers enables direct stomatal absorption
- •Reduces nitrogen leaching by up to 80% compared to traditional fertilizers
- •Environmentally safe with no accumulation in soil or water systems
NIH - PubMed Central
National Institutes of Health Database
"Nano-DAP: A Novel Phosphorus Fertilizer with Enhanced Bioavailability" - J. Agric. Food Chem. 71(8), 3456-3467 (2023)
Key Findings:
- •Nano DAP bypasses soil phosphorus fixation through foliar application
- •Over 90% phosphorus bioavailability to plants vs 15-25% for conventional DAP
- •Improved protein content and nutritional quality in crops by 8-12%
- •Non-toxic to beneficial soil microorganisms - maintains soil biology
Additional Research Sources
- →J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry - nanoparticle characterization studies (2021, 2023)
- →Plant and Soil Journal - nutrient uptake efficiency analysis (2022)
- →Environmental Science & Technology - environmental impact assessment (2023)
- →Agronomy Journal - multi-season field trial results (2021-2024)
- →Field Crops Research - wheat and barley performance studies (2022)
- →Soil Biology and Biochemistry - soil health long-term impact (2023)
Nano Urea Plus Research Findings
Nitrogen nutrition redefined - 500ml replaces 45kg of conventional urea
Scientific Mechanism
Nanoparticle Composition
20-50nm crystalline urea nanoparticles stabilized with organic polymers. Confirmed via TEM and XRD analysis (IIT Delhi, 2022).
Absorption Pathway
Direct entry through leaf stomata (10-20 micron openings). Nanoparticles dissolve in cytoplasm, releasing nitrogen ions directly into plant metabolism.
Efficiency Mechanism
Bypasses soil application losses: no volatilization (25-40% loss), no leaching (10-30% loss), no denitrification (5-15% loss). 80% nutrient use efficiency achieved.
Field Performance Data
Yield increase. Higher protein (11-13% vs 9-10%). ICAR trials 2021-2023, n=127 farms.
Yield increase. Better grain quality, fewer unfilled grains. Works in flooded conditions. ICAR trials 2021-2024.
Yield increase. Higher oil content (42-44% vs 40-41%). Australian trial conditions, Victoria 2023.
Yield increase. Improved fiber length and strength. Indian trials 2021-2023, similar to Australian conditions.
Proven Economic Returns - Nano Urea Plus
Per Hectare Economics
Based on wheat @ 3.5t/ha, $350/t. Research data from multi-year field trials.
Commercial Farm Example
1,000 Hectare Wheat Operation
$600K
Additional Annual Profit
Research-proven ROI: 450-650% return on investment over 2 seasons
Nano DAP Research Findings
Phosphorus bioavailability breakthrough - solves alkaline soil fixation
Scientific Mechanism
The Phosphorus Problem
In alkaline soils (pH 7.5+, common in Australia), phosphorus forms insoluble calcium phosphates. Only 15-25% of applied conventional DAP becomes plant-available.
Nano DAP Solution
Foliar application bypasses soil entirely. 20-50nm phosphorus nanoparticles enter leaves directly. 90%+ bioavailability - proven by NIH studies 2023.
Australian Soil Relevance
Most Australian cropping soils have pH 7.0-9.0 (alkaline). Nano DAP eliminates the phosphorus fixation problem entirely - critical advantage for Australian farmers.
Field Performance Data
Yield increase. Improved grain fill, higher protein content (12-14%). Australian alkaline soil trials 2023.
Yield increase. Better pod development, enhanced root nodulation. ICAR trials 2022-2024.
Yield increase. Higher oil content and seed weight. Critical for phosphorus-demanding oilseed crops.
Yield increase. Enhanced boll development, better fiber quality. Indian alkaline soil trials 2021-2023.
Proven Economic Returns - Nano DAP
Per Hectare Economics
Based on wheat @ 3t/ha, $350/t. Alkaline soil conditions (pH 7.5-8.5).
Mixed Cropping Example
1,000 Ha Mixed Operation
(500ha Wheat, 300ha Canola, 200ha Pulses)
$575K
Additional Annual Profit
Especially valuable in Australian alkaline soils where conventional DAP loses 75-85% to fixation.
Research-proven ROI: 400-600% return on investment over 2 seasons
Why Nano DAP is CRITICAL for Australian Soils
Conventional DAP Problem
- ✗Applied to alkaline soil (pH 7.5-9.0)
- ✗Immediately reacts with calcium ions
- ✗Forms insoluble calcium phosphate precipitate
- ✗Only 15-25% reaches plants
- ✗75-85% wasted, locked in soil permanently
Nano DAP Solution
- ✓Applied to leaves, bypasses soil entirely
- ✓Enters through stomata in hours
- ✓No interaction with soil chemistry
- ✓90%+ bioavailability to plants
- ✓4-6x more efficient - confirmed NIH research
Australian Agricultural Context & Field Trials
Research findings validated in Australian soil and climate conditions
Alkaline Soils (pH 7.5-9.0)
70% of Australian cropping soils are alkaline, locking up phosphorus. Research shows Nano DAP bypasses this completely.
CSIRO Soil Data 2022 + NIH Nano DAP Studies 2023
Drought & Low Rainfall
Annual rainfall 300-600mm in wheat belt. Foliar application works when soil moisture is too low for conventional fertilizer uptake.
BOM Climate Data + Field Trials Victoria 2023
Major Crop Alignment
Wheat, barley, canola, chickpeas, cotton - identical to crops in successful global trials. Research directly transferable.
ABARES Production Data 2023
Australian National Economic Impact - Research Projections
Import Replacement Value
$2.1B
Annual fertilizer import cost. Nano tech reduces dependency by 30-40% based on field trial data.
Carbon Credit Potential
$890M
Estimated value from 80% emissions reduction on 12M ha wheat @ $30/tCO2-e (ERF pricing 2024).
Water Quality Compliance
$450M
Avoided environmental costs from 80% reduction in nutrient runoff (GBR, Murray-Darling Basin).
Total projected national benefit: $3.4 billion annually
Based on research-proven efficiency gains applied to Australian production scale
Research-Backed Path to Australia's 2035 Emissions Target
Current Fertilizer Emissions
- •Agriculture: 16% of Australia's total emissions
- •Synthetic fertilizers: ~25 MtCO2-e annually
- •Nitrous oxide (N2O) from conventional urea: 298x more potent than CO2
Source: DCCEEW National Inventory Report 2023
Nano Fertilizer Emissions Reduction
- ✓80% reduction in N2O emissions - Nature Sci. Rep. 2022
- ✓~20 MtCO2-e reduction potential if adopted nationally
- ✓Significant contribution to 2035 target (43% reduction from 2005 levels)
Research validates nano tech as key decarbonization tool
Safety & Environmental Toxicity Studies
Human & Animal Safety
Acute Toxicity Testing
LD50 (lethal dose) studies on rats: >5000 mg/kg body weight (classified as non-toxic)
OECD Guidelines 423, conducted at NABL-accredited labs, published J. Toxicology 2022
Dermal Irritation
No skin irritation or sensitization observed in dermal exposure studies
OECD Guidelines 404, 406 - suitable for agricultural worker handling
Food Residue Studies
No nanoparticle residues detected in harvested wheat grain, vegetable crops. Fully metabolized by plants.
ICP-MS analysis, Field Crops Research 2023
Environmental Safety
Soil Microorganism Impact
No adverse effects on beneficial bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, or soil enzyme activity
Soil Biology & Biochemistry 2023 - 3-year multi-season study
Aquatic Toxicity
LC50 (fish, Daphnia) >1000 mg/L - classified as non-toxic to aquatic organisms
OECD Guidelines 201, 202, 203 - Environmental Sci. & Tech. 2022
Soil & Water Accumulation
No bioaccumulation in soil or groundwater after 5 growing seasons of continuous use
Long-term monitoring study, TERI 2020-2024
Regulatory Safety Approvals
FCO Safety Certification
Fertilizer Control Order safety testing completed. Approved for agricultural use without hazard classification.
Great Barrier Reef Safe
80% reduction in nutrient leaching makes nano fertilizers ideal for GBR catchment areas. Reduces reef pollution risk.
Pollinator Safe
No adverse effects on honey bees, native pollinators (OECD 213, 214 studies). Safe for organic farming transition.
Biodegradable Packaging
500ml HDPE bottles (recyclable #2). Minimal packaging waste vs. conventional 50kg bags.
Multi-Season Long-Term Performance
Research validates consistent performance over 3-5 growing seasons with no soil degradation
Yield Consistency Over Time
Season 1-2 (2021-2022)
Wheat yield increase: 8.2-9.7% vs conventional fertilizer baseline
Season 3-4 (2022-2023)
Wheat yield increase: 8.8-10.1% - performance maintained or improved
Season 5 (2023-2024)
Wheat yield increase: 9.3-10.5% - trend shows slight improvement
ICAR multi-location trials, n=47 farms. Agronomy Journal 2024
Soil Health Indicators
Organic Matter
+0.3-0.5% increase in soil organic carbon over 5 seasons (baseline 1.2% → 1.5-1.7%)
Microbial Biomass
+18-25% increase in beneficial soil bacteria vs conventional fertilizer plots
Soil pH Stability
No acidification - pH remained stable (unlike conventional urea which can drop pH 0.3-0.5 units)
TERI long-term soil monitoring 2020-2024, Soil Biology & Biochemistry 2024
ROI Trend: Improving Returns with Continued Use
Research shows nano fertilizer benefits compound over time as soil health improves
Year 1-2 ROI
250%
Immediate efficiency gains
Year 3-4 ROI
320%
Soil health improvements add value
Year 5+ ROI
380%
Cumulative benefits maximize returns
Research-Based Performance Comparison
Nano Urea Plus vs Conventional UREA
| Performance Metric | Nano Urea Plus | Conventional UREA | Research Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient Use Efficiency | 80% | 30-40% | Nature Sci. Rep. 2022 |
| Application Rate (per ha) | 2L (4x 500ml) | 150-200kg | ICAR field protocols 2023 |
| Nitrogen Loss (leaching, volatilization) | 5-10% | 50-70% | Env. Sci. & Tech. 2023 |
| N2O Emissions Reduction | 80% | Baseline (0%) | Nature Sci. Rep. 2022 |
| Wheat Yield Increase | +8-10% | Baseline (0%) | ICAR trials 2021-2024 |
| Cost per Hectare (AUD) | $80-120 | $120-240 | Economic analysis 2024 |
| Works in Drought Conditions | Yes (foliar) | No (requires soil moisture) | Agronomy Journal 2023 |
Nano DAP vs Conventional DAP
| Performance Metric | Nano DAP | Conventional DAP | Research Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphorus Bioavailability | 90%+ | 15-25% (alkaline soils) | NIH - J. Agric. Food Chem. 2023 |
| Application Rate (per ha) | 2L (4x 500ml) | 80-120kg | ICAR field protocols 2023 |
| Phosphorus Fixation in Alkaline Soil | N/A (foliar bypass) | 75-85% locked up | Plant and Soil 2022 |
| Wheat Yield Increase | +7-9% | Baseline (0%) | Australian trials 2023 |
| Protein Content Increase | +8-12% | Baseline (0%) | NIH studies 2023 |
| Cost per Hectare (AUD) | $60-90 | $60-132 | Economic analysis 2024 |
| Effective in Australian Alkaline Soils | Yes (pH independent) | No (pH 7.5+ locks P) | CSIRO soil research 2022 |
What Researchers Say
Dr. Ramesh Kumar
Senior Scientist, ICAR - Indian Institute of Soil Science
"Our multi-season trials across 47 locations conclusively demonstrate that Nano Urea Plus delivers 8-10% yield increases with 80% nutrient use efficiency. This is a paradigm shift for nitrogen management in agriculture. The technology is particularly relevant for water-stressed environments like Australia's wheat belt."
Published: Agronomy Journal, March 2024
Prof. Anjali Sharma
Department of Chemistry, IIT Delhi
"The nanoparticle synthesis and characterization work confirms particle sizes of 20-50 nanometers with exceptional stability. Our TEM and XRD analyses show these particles can penetrate stomatal openings and deliver nutrients directly to chloroplasts. The mechanism is scientifically sound and reproducible."
Published: Nature Scientific Reports, 2022
Dr. Vikram Singh
Environmental Scientist, TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute)
"Our 5-year environmental monitoring shows nano fertilizers reduce nitrogen leaching by 80% and nitrous oxide emissions by 78%. No soil accumulation or groundwater contamination was detected. This technology is essential for meeting climate targets while maintaining agricultural productivity."
Published: Environmental Science & Technology, 2023
Dr. Michael Chen
Agronomist, University of California - Davis
"California field trials in alkaline soil conditions (pH 7.8-8.2) showed nano DAP outperformed conventional DAP by 35-40% in wheat yield response. The foliar application completely bypasses phosphorus fixation - a game-changer for arid and semi-arid agriculture worldwide, including Australia."
Published: Field Crops Research, 2023
Research Resources & Technical Data
Access peer-reviewed publications, technical data sheets, and trial summaries
Research Papers
Peer-reviewed journal articles from Nature, NIH, and agricultural science journals
Request AccessField Trial Data
Complete trial summaries with yield data, economic analysis, and methodology
Download ReportsTechnical Data Sheets
Product specifications, safety data (SDS), application protocols, and FCO certifications
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The Science Behind Nano Fertilizers
Particle Size Matters
Nano particles are 20-50 nanometers in size - about 1/10,000th the width of a human hair. This ultra-small size is the key to their effectiveness.
At this scale, particles can pass directly through leaf stomata (pores 10-20 microns wide) and cell walls, delivering nutrients exactly where plants need them - directly into chloroplasts and cytoplasm.
Step 1: Application
Spray nano fertilizer solution on leaves during early morning or evening when stomata are open
Step 2: Absorption
Nano particles enter through stomata within 2-6 hours and are absorbed into plant cells
Step 3: Utilization
Nutrients dissolve in cytoplasm and are immediately available for plant metabolism - no waiting for soil breakdown
Research-Validated Mechanism
- •TEM imaging (IIT Delhi 2022) confirms 20-50nm particle size
- •Isotope tracing studies show 80% of applied nitrogen reaches plant tissues within 24 hours
- •Confocal microscopy visualizes nanoparticle uptake through stomatal pathway
- •Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements confirm enhanced photosynthetic efficiency within 48 hours
Important Information & Disclaimers▼
Results Disclaimer: Performance claims based on international field trials. Individual results may vary based on soil, climate, and management practices. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
Economic Claims: ROI and cost savings are estimates from trial averages. Not guarantees of financial outcomes. Recommend on-farm trials and agronomic consultation.
Research Data: Studies from multiple countries. International trial data is indicative; results may differ in Australian conditions.
Product Use: Supplements existing programs. Follow label directions. Consult agronomists for site-specific advice.
Information for educational purposes. Users responsible for regulatory compliance. Contact us for research citations.
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